Urban forest loss using a GIS-based approach and instruments for integrated urban planning:A case study of Jo(a)o Pessoa,Brazil     

Leandro Ismael de Azevedo LACERDA  José Augusto Ribeiro da SILVEIRA  Celso Augusto Guimar 《地理学报(英文版)》2021,31(10):1529-1552

Urban forests play an important role in the thermal comfort and overall life of local populations in large-and medium-sized cities.This study analyzes urban forest loss and maps land use and land cover (LULC) changes between 1991 and 2018 by evaluating the use of urban planning instruments for the mitigation of urban forest loss in Jo～o Pessoa,Brazil.For this purpose,satellite-derived LULC images from 1991,2006,2010 and 2018 and data on urban forest loss areas obtained using the Google Earth Engine were used.In addi-tion,this paper also discusses the instruments used for integrated urban planning,which are(a) the legal sector,responsibility and nature;(b) the urban expansion process;and (c) the elements of urban infrastructure.The results show a clear shift in land use in the study area.The major changes in LULC classes occurred in urban areas and herbaceous vegetation,while the greatest loss was in arboreal/shrub vegetation.Thus,an increase in the pressure to occupy zones intended for environmental preservation could be estimated.Our results showed similar accuracies with other studies and more spatial details.The characteristics of the patterns,traces,and hotspots of urban expansion and forest cover loss were explored.We highlighted the potential use of this proposed framework to be applied and validated in other parts of the world to help better understand and quantify various aspects of ur-ban-related problems such as urban forest loss mapping using instruments for integrated urban planning and low-cost approaches.  相似文献   

焦煤集团九里山矿14101工作面突水治理浅析     

原连成  荆冰川 《中国煤炭地质》2008,(8):35-38

通过对焦煤集团九里山矿14101工作面底板突水经过的研究,认为工作面底板突水的水源是是Lg灰岩水,其直接补给水源为L2灰岩水,间接补给水源为O2灰岩水;导水通道为底板采动裂隙带。采取了在工作面打水闸墙,利用钻孔对采空区灌注骨料,增加水流阻力,切断导水通道,封堵水源,加固隔水层的地面注浆和井下工程相结合的综合治水方案。通过观察,工作面中间巷无水流出,突水前后水位变化明显,在较短时间内获得了堵水成功。取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益,为矿井突水治理积累了经验。  相似文献   

高位瓦斯抽放钻孔在降低综采工作面瓦斯浓度中的应用     

王永军  刘文兰 《中国煤炭地质》2008,(9):74-75

林南仓属于低瓦斯矿井,但存在高瓦斯区域。煤层和采空区是瓦斯的主要来源,尤以采空涌出量大,给煤矿生产和安全带来了极大隐患。通过在1129综采工作面风道施工高位瓦斯孔,把钻孔打到采空区一侧煤层顶板以上冒落裂隙带内,用钻孔进行瓦斯抽放,使采空内的瓦斯通过裂隙带沿钻孔抽出,有效降低综采工作面瓦斯浓度,保证综采工作面正常回采和安全生产。  相似文献   

Researches on the Internal Molecular Weight Uniformity of Chitosan Biomaterials     

LANG Xuqian  LI Yang  SUN Guohui  ZHOU Zhongzheng  LI Jing  FENG Chao  KONG Ming  LIU Ya  CHENG Xiaojie  CHEN Xiguang 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2020,19(2):459-465

Uniform molecular weight(Mw)chitosan(CS)is highly demanded in medical biomaterial industry.This present article described heterogeneous degradation of CS in aqueous HCl/ethanol solution,in which progress uniform Mw CS was successfully prepared.The Mw distribution of CS was measured by gel permeation chromatography(GPC)analysis.Moreover,the structure and properties of degraded CS were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(^1H NMR),X-ray diffraction(XRD)and thermogravimetric(TG)analysis.In addition,the biocompatibility of degraded CS was also assessed by hemolysis rate(HR)measurement.The Mw of CS dramatically decreased from 246 KDa to 76 k Da at the initial 30 min,and stabilized at 18 kDa after 24 h.GPC analysis results showed that the degraded CS molecular become homogenization.FT-IR and 1 H NMR analysis confirmed the basic structure of CS molecular backbone was not destroyed during this progress.Besides,the water solubility of CS was not significantly influenced by this reaction.Moreover,the XRD analysis revealed that crystallinity of degraded CS increased from 70.32% to 99.25%with time.The TG analysis showed improved thermal stability of degraded CS.HR measurement demonstrated the degraded CS possessed excellent biocompatibility.This simple and efficient heterogeneous degradation would open up a new route to produce uniform Mw CS.  相似文献   

国际油气井钻头进展概述 (四)——PDC钻头发展进程及当今态势（下）          下载免费PDF全文

左汝强 《探矿工程》2016,43(4):40-48

近年来,非平面PDC切削齿,如浅凹面PDC齿、Stinger毒牙中心锥形齿、Stinger毒牙刀翼锥形齿、AxeBlade斧式脊形PDC齿和StayCool保持冷却PDC齿等制造的钻头,逐步在油气钻井中得到有效的应用。这些钻头能够以较高的钻进效率和工作寿命钻进某些硬岩和研磨性地层。为了满足水平钻井,特别在页岩气水平井中能够强力排除岩屑,并具有优良的钻井导向性能,国际著名公司推出了许多新型钻头,如ONXY Ⅱ矛式PDC钻头、Seeker导向PDC钻头、CounterForce反力PDC钻头、Speed快速PDC钻头等用于当代油气钻井,取得了良好的效果。文章还介绍了Defyer DPA套管钻头与CuttPro PDC防剪切保护帽。提出了以下建议：继续深入研究PDC钻头,以提高其性能,更好地满足油气钻井的要求;组合化钻头是油气钻头发展的重要趋势;比金刚石性能更好的钻头切削材料有可能今后发现或合成,可用于制作更佳钻井钻头;我国钻头企业需重组和发展状大;各种钻头技术创新应该加强。  相似文献   

Application of topo-edaphic factors and remotely sensed vegetation indices to enhance biomass estimation in a heterogeneous landscape in the Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania     

Mercy Ojoyi  Onisimo Mutanga  John Odindi  Elfatih M. Abdel-Rahman 《国际地球制图》2016,31(1):1-21

Estimating tropical biomass is critical for establishment of conservation inventories and landscape monitoring. However, monitoring biomass in a complex and dynamic environment using traditional methods is challenging. Recently, biomass estimates based on remotely sensed data and ecological variables have shown great potential. The present study explored the utility of remotely sensed data and topo-edaphic factors to improve biomass estimation in the Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania. Twenty-nine vegetation indices were calculated from RapidEye data, while topo-edaphic factors were taken from field measurements. Results showed that using topo-edaphic variables or vegetation indices, biomass could be predicted with an R² of 0.4. A combination of topo-edaphic variables and vegetation indices improved the prediction accuracy to an R² of 0.6. Results further showed a decrease in biomass estimates from 1162 ton ha^?1 in 1980 to 285.38 ton ha^?1 in 2012. This study demonstrates the value of combining remotely sensed data with topo-edaphic variables in biomass estimation.  相似文献   

非均匀地表蒸散遥感研究综述   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

周倜  彭志晴  辛晓洲  李福根 《遥感学报》2016,20(2):257-277

本文评述了目前常用的遥感估算地表蒸散方法,包括地表能量平衡模型、Penman-Monteith类模型、温度—植被指数特征空间方法、Priestley-Taylor类模型和其他方法。然而使用这些方法估算地表蒸散时会面临严重的尺度效应,而产生尺度效应的根本原因之一是地表异质性,在分析了非均匀下垫面对水热通量遥感反演造成的影响后,介绍了面积加权、校正因子补偿与温度降尺度3种尺度误差纠正方法;并从地面观测实验的角度简述了非均匀下垫面水热通量真实性检验的研究;最后探讨了将来建立更具时空代表性的非均匀下垫面地表蒸散遥感估算模型可能会面临的一些挑战。  相似文献   

Halin图的色数问题     

朱建  陈丽娟 《南京气象学院学报》2016,8(3):286-288

Halin图G=T∪C,其中T为每一非悬挂点(内点)度数至少为3的平面树,C为连接T的所有悬挂点的圈.文章分别讨论了Halin图的星色数、面色数及分数色数.  相似文献   

The response of two half spaces to point dislocations at the material interface   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Yehuda Ben-Zion 《Geophysical Journal International》1990,101(3):507-528

  相似文献   

天文光干涉与综合孔径技术的发展     

郭红锋 《紫金山天文台台刊》2003,(1)

本文简单介绍了光干涉与综合孔径技术发展的历史、国际上用于天文观测的一些著名光干涉仪的技术特点和进展、以及近年来我国开展的与光干涉 ,综合孔径技术有关的工作 ,最后简要介绍了在光学综合孔径技术领域所发展的光纤与集成光学等新技术  相似文献